Wireless sensor networks are formed by small sensor nodes communicating over wireless links without using a fixed network infrastructure. Each of the sensor nodes is capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting environmental information. Since the sensor nodes are equipped with battery having limited energy, energy efficient information processing is of critical importance. The important issues of wireless sensor networks (WSNs includes Coverage-preserving and lifetime-durability. Any coverage hole in a network is not feasible, so to provide full sensing coverage in a security-sensitive area is necessary in many practical applications such as security surveillances or military investigations. The routing protocols were proposed to ensure reliable multi-hop communication, in order to increase lifetime and Quality of Service (QoS) of wireless sensor networks.
In this paper, to prolong the duration of full sensing coverage, we propose a scheme called an Energy-aware and Coverage-preserving Hierarchical Routing (ECHR) protocol for randomly deployed WSNs. The proposed scheme maximizes the working time of full coverage in a given WSN without taking concern of deployment patterns of the sensor node. It provides energy-balancing and coverage-preserving and selects one Cluster Head (CH) for each round. The cluster head selection mechanism is essential in ECHR protocol. For selecting cluster head, uniform selection mechanism is used. To determine an optimal route for the packet, the power consumption of radio transmission and residual energy over the network are considered. The main idea of this paper is to combine both, the energy-balancing and coverage preserving mechanisms into routing protocols. By the help of proposed scheme we will be seeing the effects of different points of interest (POIs) over the network. MATLAB simulations will be performed to analyze and compare the performance of proposed scheme with other benchmark protocols. The expected output of simulation is up to 80-85% extra lifetime compared to other benchmark protocols.